두메흑삼릉
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| 과 | 부들과(Typhaceae) 2속 (피자식물문/백합강/부들목) |
|---|---|
| 속 | 흑삼릉속(Sparganium) 7종 |
| 국명 | 두메흑삼릉 |
| 학명 | Sparganium glomeratum (Laest. ex Beurl.) Beurl. |
| 분포 | 한국(강원), 일본, 중국, 러시아, 티베트, 노르웨이, 스웨덴, 핀란드, 캐나다 |
| 개요 | 줄기는 높이 5O~7Ocm이고，식물체는 단단하여 곧게 자라지만 깊은 물에서는 잠겨서 부유하기도 한다. 지하경은 옆으로 뻗는다. 잎은 선형으로 바로 서서 자라거나 물에 잠겨서 부유한다. 길이는 29~55cm, 너비 5~llmm, 잎 뒷면에 용골이 발달하며 위쪽은 다소 납작하고，아래쪽으로 갈수록 삼각형을 띤다. 기부는 엽초처럼 줄기를 감싸며 가장자리는 막질이다. 화서 줄기는 바로 서며 길이 약 ll~23cm, 화축은 분지하지 않는다. 1~2개의 수화서가 위쪽에 붙어서 달리고，그 아래쪽에 바로 붙어서 암화서가 5~7개 달린다. 포는 잎 모양이며 화서 줄기의 가장 아래쪽 포는 화서 줄기보다 2배 이상 길다. 수화서는 개화시 직경 ll~l4mm이다. 암화서는 수화서와 붙어서 나고 상부액생하여 위쪽 포의 맞은편에 위치하기도 한다. 자루가 없으나 아래쪽 화서는 자루가 있다. 개화시 직경 약 11mm이다. 수꽃은 화피는 약3개，도란형이고, 길이 약2mm이다. 수술은 대개 3개 혹은 그 이상이고, 꽃밥은 약 0.7~0.9mm, 수술대는 약 5~6mm이다. 암꽃은 화피는 3~6개，장타원형에서 도란형이며 막질이고, 중앙부는 녹색이다. 길이는 약 2~3mm이다. 심피는 1개이고, 자방은 피침형 혹은 좁은 방추형이다. 암술머리는 길이 0.6~0.8mm이다. 열매는 대개 방추형으로 길이 약 3.5~6mm이고, 직경 1.5~2mm이다. 육질의 외과피 안에 내과피는 단단하고 자루가 있다. 표면은 매끈하고 세로줄이 있다. 종자는 난형이다.최근 대암산 용늪에서 국내 자생지가 발견되었으며 고산 습지에서 발견되어 "두메흑삼릉"이라는 국명신칭과 함께 발표되었다(Gil et al., 2019).Stems 50-70cm tall, robust, erect, emergent, floating or submerged in deep water. Rhizomes creeping. Leaves linear, erect or floating, emergent or submerged, 29-55cm long, 5-llmm wide, abaxially carinate, triangular toward base, sheathed at base with membranous margin. Inflorescence stems erect, 11-23cm long, nonbranched; 1-2 male heads at upper part, 5-7 female heads at lower part. Bracts leaf-like, the lowermost bract is more 2 timex longer than inflorescence stem. Male heads ll-14mm diameter at anthesis. Female heads adjacent to male heads, supraaxillary, sometimes opposite side to upper bract, sessile, but the lowermost head often pedunculate, ca. 11mm diameter at anthesis. Male flowers perianth 3, obovate, ca. 2mm long; stamens 3 or more; anthers 0.7-0.9mm long;filaments 5-6mm long. Female flowers perianth 3-6, oblong to obovate, membranous, green at middle part, ca. 2-3mm long; carpels 1; ovaries lanceolate or narrow fusiform; stigmas 0.6-0.8mm long.Fruits usually fusiform, 3.5-6mm long, 1.5-2mm diameter; exocarp fleshy, endocarp hard, pedunculate, surface smooth with longitudinal lines. Seeds ovate. |
| 근연종* | A key to Sparganium glomeratum and related taxa in Korea 1. Inflorescence axis 3?5 branched; stigmas and ovary locules 1?2; stigmas longer than ovary; endocarps with longitudinal ridges and without stalks ·························· 2 2. The lowermost inflorescence branch with male and female heads; stigmas 3?4 mm long; fruits 3?4.5 mm wide ··········································· S. erectum (흑삼릉) 2. The lowermost inflorescence branch with single female head; stigmas 6?9 mm long; fruits 6?10 mm wide ································ S. coreanum (조선흑삼릉) 1. Inflorescence axis never branched or rarely 1-branched (S. subglobosum); stigmas and ovary locules 1; stigmas shorter than ovary; endocarps without longitudinal ridges and with stalks ································································· 3 3. The lowermost inflorescence bract shorter than or equal to inflorescence axis; female heads never pedunculated ············· S. subglobosum (가는흑삼릉) 3. The lowermost inflorescence bract longer than inflorescence axis; the lowermost 1?2 female heads pedunculated ······························································· 4 4. Plants usually floating and submerged; leaves non-carinate (flat); width of leaves 1?3 mm ················ ··························· S. hyperboreum (좁은잎흑삼릉) 4. Plants usually erect and emergent; leaves carinate; width of leaves 3?11 mm ···································· 5 5. Female heads adjacent to male heads; number of male heads 1?3 ·············································· ·························· S. glomeratum (두메흑삼릉) 5. Female heads separated from male heads; number of male head 6?10 ···························· 6 6. Female heads axillary; inflorescence bracts ascending or spreading ·································· ····························· S. japonicum (긴흑삼릉) 6. Female heads supra-axillary; inflorescence bracts erect ··············· S. fallax (남흑삼릉) |
| 참고문헌 | 한국식물 도해도감 Ⅴ. 골풀과, 곡정초과, 부들과(2019) |
