중국쪽의 딱총나무속 검색표입니다.
1a. Perennial herbs or shrubs; lenticels absent or inconspicuous; young branches striate; inflorescences flat topped, umbellate cymes.
2a. All flowers hermaphroditic, rotate; lenticels inconspicuous or absent; lateral leaflets without glandular teeth; terminal leaflet narrowly cuneate, often decurrent and connected to next lower leaflet pair; pith of roots red or white; pyrenes rugose or smooth ............................................................................................................................ 1. S. adnata
2b. Some flowers sterile, urceolate; lenticels inconspicuous; lateral leaflets with 2–4 glandular teeth below middle and at base; terminal leaflet rounded to cuneate at base, not or only slightly decurrent; pith of roots white; pyrenes tuberculate .................................................................................................................................................. 2. S. javanica
1b. Shrubs or small trees; lenticels conspicuous; young branches rounded; inflorescences and infructescences
pyramidal paniculate cymes.
3a. Petiolules, foliar axis, and abaxial surface of leaflets glabrous ............................................................................ 3. S. williamsii(딱총나무)
3b. Petiolules, foliar axis, and veins at base of abaxial surface of leaflets hairy ............................................................ 4. S. sibirica
3. Sambucus williamsii Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5. 5: 217. 1866. 接骨木 jie gu mu Sambucus barbinervis Nakai; S. buergeriana (Nakai) Blume ex Nakai; S. buergeriana f.cordifoliata Skvortsov & W. Wang; S. foetidissima Nakai; S. junnanica J. J. Vassiljev; S. latipinnaNakai var. pendula Skvortsov; S. manshurica Kitagawa; S. peninsularis Kitagawa; S. potaninii J. J. Vassiljev; S. racemosa Linnaeus subsp. manshurica (Kitagawa) Voroschilov; S. sieboldiana(Miquel) Blume ex Schwerin var. buergeriana Nakai. Shrubs or small trees, 5-6 m tall. Old branches reddish brown, with conspicuous, narrowly elliptic lenticels; pith brownish. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets (1 or)2- or 3(-5)-jugate; lateral leaflets ovate-orbicular or narrowly elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, 5-15 × 1.2-7 cm, base cuneate or rounded, sometimes cordate, asymmetrical, margin irregularly serrate, sometimes with 1 to several glandular teeth at base or below middle, apex acute to acuminate or caudate; lowest pair of leaflets sessile or petiole to ca. 0.5 cm; terminal leaflet ovate or obovate, adaxially sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent, petiolule ca. 2 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate or caudate; stipules narrowly linear or reduced to bluish protrusions. Inflorescences terminal cymose panicles, 5-11 × 4-14 cm, pedunculate, sometimes sparsely pubescent, soon glabrescent. Flowers appearing simultaneously with leaves, dense; calyx tube urceolate, ca. 1 mm, lobes triangular-lanceolate, slightly shorter than tube; corolla pinkish in bud, white or yellowish when open; tube short; lobes oblong or narrowly ovate-orbicular, ca. 2 mm; stamens spreading, ca. as long as corolla lobes; filaments slightly dilated at base; anthers yellow; ovary 3-loculed; styles short; stigmas 3-lobed. Fruit red, rarely bluish or purplish black, ovoid or subglobose, 3-5 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2 or 3, ovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5-3.5 mm, slightly rugose. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 36*. ● Mountain slopes, scrub, streamsides, roadsides, beside houses; 500-1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. Sambucus williamsii was treated as a synonym of a highly variable, circumboreal S. racemosaLinnaeus by Bolli (Diss. Bot. 223: 187-197. 1994). The black fruit and dark green leaves (Bolli, loc. cit.) distinguish S. williamsii and S. melanocarpa A. Gray of W North America from other members of the S. racemosa complex. Sambucus williamsii also has a more pronounced fetid odor. Because of the high degree of variation and the pronouncement by Bolli (loc. cit.) that the variation within his circumscription of S. racemosa should be further evaluated in a geographic context through field, cytological, and biochemical methods, for the time being, we prefer to maintain S. williamsii, and, with less certainty, the following species, S. sibirica, as distinct. |
4. Sambucus sibirica Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 40: 478. 1926. 西伯利亚接骨木 xi bo li ya jie gu mu Sambucus buergeriana (Nakai) Blume ex Nakai var. mi-quelii Nakai; S. racemosa Linnaeus subsp. sibirica (Nakai) H. Hara; S. williamsii Hance var. miquelii (Nakai) Y. C. Tang ex J. Q. Hu. Shrubs, 2-4 m tall, densely branched. Bark reddish brown, longitudinally sulcate, with elliptic lenticels; pith brownish; young branches yellowish white hirsute, sometimes papillose. Leaflets 2-jugate, abaxially pale, adaxially green, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 5-14 × 1.6-5.5 cm, midvein long hirsute, base cordate and oblique, margin irregularly acutely toothed, apex long acuminate; petiolule and leaf rachis yellow hirsute; stipules glandular. Inflorescence an erect cymose panicle, 3.5-5 cm; peduncle papillose. Flowers opening with leaves; calyx tube urceolate, ca. 1 mm, lobes triangular-lanceolate, slightly shorter than tube; corolla greenish or yellowish, lobes oblong; stamens yellowish brown; anthers yellow; ovary 3-loculed; styles short; stigmas 3-lobed. Fruit red, ovoid or subglobose, 3-5 mm in diam.; pyrenes 2 or 3, ovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5-3.5 mm, slightly rugose. Fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 18, 36, 38*. Rocky mountain slopes, rock crevices along rivers. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia]. Sambucus sibirica should perhaps be included within S. williamsii. The differences separating them, i.e., young branches, petiolule, and leaf rachis slightly pubescent vs. glabrous in S. williamsii, are minor. |
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