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산들꽃
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| 과 | 꿀풀과(Lamiaceae) 30속 (피자식물문/목련강/꿀풀목) |
|---|---|
| 속 | 골무꽃속(Scutellaria) 21종 |
| 국명 | 창골무꽃 |
| 학명 | Scutellaria barbata D.Don |
| 원산지 | 인도, 라오스, 미얀마, 네팔, 타이완, 태국, 베트남, 중국, 일본 |
| 분포 | 경기도, 경상북도, 경상남도 |
| 전체크기 | 높이 35~50cm |
| 형태 |
|
| 개요 | 유럽과 중앙아시아 원산이며 관상용으로 도입하여 식재한 것이 야생화하여 해안, 하천, 숲 가장자리 풀밭 등에서 자라는 여러해살이풀이다. 땅속줄기는 가늘고 옆으로 뻗는다. 줄기는 곧추서고 높이 35~50cm, 가지는 거의 갈라지지 않으며 털은 없거나 모서리에 약간 있다. 잎은 마주나며 잎자루는 길이 1~5mm, 잎몸은 창 모양으로 길이 1.2~2.5cm, 폭 0.6~1.5cm, 밑은 둥글거나 잘린 모양이고 끝은 뾰족하며 가장자리에 3~4개의 톱니가 있다. 꽃은 7~8월에 피는데 줄기 끝에 층층으로 달려 전체가 이삭꽃차례를 이룬다. 꽃받침은 길이 2~4mm로 꽃자루보다 약간 길며 보랏빛이 돌고 털이 많이 난다. 꽃부리는 입술 모양으로 푸른 보라색이며 길이 1.2~1.7cm로 바깥쪽에 샘털이 빽빽하게 난다. 열매는 분과로 지름 1.0~1.5mm, 많은 돌기가 있다. 우리나라 서울, 경상북도 비슬산 등에 자생하며, 유럽, 중앙아시아 등에 분포한다. 애기골무꽃에 비해 꽃이 이삭꽃차례를 이루고 푸른 보라색이므로 구분된다. 전초를 약재로 쓴다. |
| 근연종* | Key to Korean Scutellaria taxa 1. Rhizomes enlarged up to 3 cm in diam.; cross section of stem obtuse-square or rounded; leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate ·············································· S. baicalensis 황금 1. Rhizomes not enlarged, less than 7 mm in diam.; cross section of stem swollen-edged square; leaves not ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate. 2. Flowers in terminal racemes. 3. Leaves narrow-triangular or hastate, base broadly cuneate or subtruncate; stem glabrous ························ ···················································· S. barbata 창골무꽃 3. Leaves ovate, rounded, or elliptic, base not cuneate or truncate; stem pubescent or glabrous. 4. Plants more than 50 cm tall, unbranched; petiole less than 3 mm long; flowers longer than 3.5 cm long ·································· S. insignis 광릉골무꽃 4. Plants less than 40 cm tall, branched; petiole longer than leaf blade; flowers shorter than 3 cm long. 5. Base angle of corolla tube rectangular; stems and leaves pubescent; leaf apex rounded ········ ······························································ S. indica 6. Leaves relatively thin, rounded to widely ovate; veins on adaxial surface not sunk ···· ········································ var. indica 골무꽃 6. Leaves relatively thick, triangular cordate; veins on adaxial surface conspicuously sunk. 7. Corolla bluish purple ······························· ·················· var. tsusimensis 떡잎골무꽃 7. Corolla dark pink ····································· ······················ var. coccinea 연지골무꽃 5. Base angle of corolla tube 30?60°; stem and leaves pubescent or glabrous; leaf apex obtuse ························································ S. pekinensis 8. Stem and leaves glabrous or rarely pubescence; leaf base cordate. 9. Leaves 1?1.5 cm long ······························ ······························· var. alpine 수골무꽃 9. Leaves 3?5 cm long ································ ······················· var. ussuriensis 호골무꽃 8. Stem and leaves pubescence, especially dense in ridges of stems and veins of leaves; leaf base acute or rounded. 10. Plants less than 25 cm tall; leaves less than 4 cm long; flowers less than 2 cm long, base angle of corolla tube less than 45°··························· var. transitra 산골무꽃 10. Plants 35?45 cm tall; leaves 5?7 cm long; flowers longer than 2.5 cm long, base angle of corolla tube higher than 60° ························· var. maxima 왕골무꽃 2. Flowers in axillary racemes. 11. Rhizomes with long leafless stolons at nodes; tubers 5?7 mm in diam. present at the end of stolons ······ ·········································· S. tuberifera 제주골무꽃 11. Rhizomes with stolons; no tubers. 12. Base angle of corolla tube less than 10°; corolla less than 8 mm long, upper lip shorter than lower lip ···························· S. dependens 애기골무꽃 12. Base angle of corolla tube higher than 45°; corolla longer than 15 mm long, length of upper lip similar to lower lip. 13. Rhizomes moniliform, with enlarged tuber-like internodes; stems glabrous; leaves narrow ovate ············· S. moniliorrhiza 구슬골무꽃 13. Rhizomes not moniliform; stems pubescent; leaves linear, lanceolate, ovate or elliptic. 14. Leaves linear to lanceolate, apex acute, margins shallow-serrate ························ ····················· S. regeliana 가는골무꽃 14. Leaves ovate to elliptic, apex obtuse, margins crenate ·· S. strigillosa 참골무꽃 |
| 참고문헌 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2018.48.2.123 |
* 20-08-25 17:46:05:황금에서 변경(산들꽃)